Fundamentals of Comp Architures

A machine gets stimulated by the presence or absence of an electrical signal/impulse.

Because there are two states that the machine responds to, we use binary number system to communicate with the machine.

We represent,
0 for the absence of the signal/impulse
1 for the presence of the signal/impulse

In computer science, we call 0 is a bit, 1 is a bit.

Using 00, 01, 10, 11 we can only represent 4 keys on the keyboad (eg, A B , C D).

In Computer science, we call every key on the keyboard as a character. space bar, special character like $ % @ #, upper case, lower case

So, they combined eight bits to reperesent each character. Eg: A - 0100 0010, B-
However, the length of the combinations of the bits various by the processor.

A combination of 8bits is called a byte.
A combination 4bits is called a nibble.

THE BASIC UNIT OF MEMORY IS CALLED A BYTE,
KB GB, TB

People used electrical punch cards to communicate with the machine.

People moved to Assembly languages: programming the chip. eg: 8085, 8086 microprocessor chips. The language looked like AND JMP ADD SUB

Then came high level languages Eg:  Python, Java, C, C++,  Ruby, Pearl, R, These are like english like language.